The use of animals in medical research is a contentious issue, meaning it is highly debated or controversial.

Proponents are individuals who support or advocate for a particular cause or idea.

Animal research is described as indispensable, meaning it is essential or necessary.

The assessment of new treatments is described as rigorous, indicating that it is thorough, meticulous, and demanding in terms of accuracy and reliability.

Gauging refers to the act of measuring or assessing something.

Efficacy refers to the ability of something, such as a treatment, to produce the desired or intended results.

The article mentions the ethical dilemma surrounding the use of animals in medical research.

Animals are referred to as sentient beings, meaning they are capable of experiencing sensations, emotions, and consciousness.

The article mentions the assertion of dominion over the lives of other sentient beings.

Invasive procedures refer to medical techniques or interventions that involve entering the body, potentially causing discomfort, pain, or risk to the subject.

The conclusion emphasizes the importance of maintaining compassion in animal research, which refers to empathy, understanding, and concern for the welfare of others.

Biotechnology refers to the use of biological processes or living organisms to develop or create products and technologies that improve human health and well-being.

Neurological relates to the study or function of the nervous system, particularly the brain and the nerves.

Zoological pertains to the study or branch of knowledge about animals, their behavior, classification, and characteristics.

Animal welfare refers to the well-being, quality of life, and ethical treatment of animals.